) badania nad dziećmi wychowywanymi przez pary homoseksualne były prowadzone i prowadzi się je od wielu lat. Badanie badaniu nierówne i niestety do wielu pełnych artykułów nie ma bezpłatnego dostępu, ale ogólnie wnioski są mniej więcej zbieżne:1.
2.Comparing the Impact of Homosexual and Heterosexual Parents on Children: Meta-Analysis of Existing Research
Mike Allen PhD & Nancy Burrell PhD
Journal of Homosexuality
Volume 32, 1997 - Issue 2
Courts determine custody and visitation on the basis of the ''best interests of the child.'' Current judicial rulings in some jurisdictions reflect a bias against awarding custody or granting visitation rights to homosexual parents, favoring the heterosexual parent or heterosexual relative of the child(ren). Should the sexual orientation of the parent play a part in the determination of custody or visitation in order to protect the child? This meta-analysis summarizes the available quantitative literature comparing the impact of heterosexual and homosexual parents, using a variety of measures, on the child(ren). The analyses examine parenting practices, the emotional well-being of the child, and the sexual orientation of the child. The results demonstrate no differences on any measures between the heterosexual and homosexual parents regarding parenting styles, emotional adjustment, and sexual orientation of the child(ren). In other words, the data fail to support the continuation of a bias against homosexual parents by any court.
3.A Comparative Analysis of Adoptive Family Functioning with Gay, Lesbian, and Heterosexual Parents and Their Children
Stephen Erich PhD , Patrick Leung PhD & Peter Kindle MA, MAM Div
Journal of GLBT Family Studies
Volume 1, 2005 - Issue 4
The objectives of this comparative study were to examine adoptive family functioning with a sample of gay, lesbian, and heterosexual adoptive parents and their children. The results suggested that parent sexual orientation is not a significant predictor of adoptive family functioning, adopted child's behavior, and parent's perceptions of helpfulness from family support networks. Furthermore, a regression analysis suggested the following variables were associated with higher levels of family functioning: adoptive parents who were previously foster parents and children who had more previous placements prior to adoption. Lower family functioning was associated with children adopted through CPS; with children who had mental health diagnoses, learning disorders, or other handicapping conditions; and with children who were in a higher grade in school. The results of this comparative study of adoptive families support the need for more methodologically rigorous research that includes gay and lesbian adoptive parents along with heterosexual parents.
4.A Meta-Analysis of Developmental Outcomes for Children of Same-Sex and Heterosexual Parents
Alicia Crowl , Soyeon Ahn & Jean Baker
Journal of GLBT Family Studies
Volume 4, 2008 - Issue 3
While there has been a recent upsurge in the number of studies related to children raised by gay and lesbian parents, the literature in this area continues to be small and wrought with limitations. This study presents a meta-analysis of the existing research and focuses on the developmental outcomes and quality of parent–child relationships among children raised by gay and lesbian parents. A total of 19 studies were used for the analysis and included both child and parent outcome measures addressing six areas. Analyses revealed statistically significant effect size differences between groups for one of the six outcomes: parent–child relationship. Results confirm previous studies in this current body of literature, suggesting that children raised by same-sex parents fare equally well to children raised by heterosexual parents. The authors discuss findings with respect to the implications for practitioners in schools.
5.Children of Lesbian and Gay Parents
A Review of the Literature
Bridget Fitzgerald
Marriage & Family Review
Volume 29, 1999 - Issue 1
The purpose of this paper is to review the research literature concerning the development of children with gay and lesbian parents. It begins by discussing some of the social, theoretical, and legal implications of studying this population, and critiques a number of the assumptions guiding this research. The review then proceeds to include studies on children of divorced lesbian and gay parents, as well as studies conducted on children of gay and lesbian families that are planned. The body of literature generally concludes that children with lesbian and gay parents are developing psychologically, intellectually, behaviorally, and emotionally in positive directions, and that the sexual orientation of parents is not an effective or important predictor of successful child development. The paper also includes a discussion of the limitations of these studies, provides suggestions for future research, and discusses the challenge these families pose for the meaning and definition of family.
Specjalnie wybrałem dwie meta-analizy, bo takie badania jeśli dobrze przeprowadzone są z zasady najbardziej wartościowe (chyba nie trzeba tłumaczyć, dlaczego). Jest tego więcej, tylko po co? Kłóćcie się dalej i mówcie innym, jak mają żyć, nawet gdy nie ma to na was samych żadnego bezpośredniego wpływu.Parenting and Child Development in Adoptive Families: Does Parental Sexual Orientation Matter?
Rachel H. Farr , Stephen L. Forssell & Charlotte J. Patterson
Applied Developmental Science
Volume 14, 2010 - Issue 3
This study investigated child development and parenting in 106 families headed by 27 lesbian, 29 gay, and 50 heterosexual couples (80% White, M = 42 years) with young adopted children (41% White, M = 3 years). Parents and teachers reported that, on average, children were developing in typical ways. Measures of children's adjustment, parenting approaches, parenting stress, and couple relationship adjustment were not significantly associated with parental sexual orientation. However, several family process variables—parenting stress, parenting approaches, and couple relationship adjustment—were found to be significantly associated with children's adjustment, regardless of parental sexual orientation. Implications for understanding the role of gender and sexual orientation in parenting, as well as for legal and policy debates, are discussed.